to gain legal status, while US employers would get an expanded
temporary worker program.
    The Mexican government would still like to see both elements,
but in the wake of September 11 the Bush administration and its
Congressional allies have made it plain that legalizing undocumented
workers is not on the table.  At a March press conference, just
before meeting with Fox in Monterrey, Mexico, Bush said he was
opposed to any kind of amnesty.  "Here's my attitude," he said. "I
think what our country ought to do is help match any willing employer
with any willing employee."  That's White House shorthand for a
contract labor program, seemingly the only element of immigration
reform on which Bush and Fox can agree.
    So Garcia's memories don't just describe a distant past, but
a rapidly approaching future.
    "We slept in big bunkhouses," he remembers.  "It was like
being in the army. We woke up when they sounded a horn or turned on
the lights.  We'd make our beds and go to the bathroom, eat
breakfast, and they'd give us our lunch -- some tacos or a couple of
sandwiches, an apple and a soda.   When we got back to camp, we'd
wash up and eat..  Picking tomatoes, you really get dirty, like a
dog.  If we wanted to go into town, in Stockton there was a Spaniard
who would send busses out to the camps to give people a ride.  He was
making a business out of selling us shirts, clothes, and medicine."
    Since Garcia's bracero days, that situation has deteriorated,
rather than improved.  Today, in most parts of California, and
increasingly in other states as well, growers no longer want to house
the workers who come to harvest their crops.  "They want to force
workers to be on their own," Goldstein says.  It's common now across
the country to see parked cars on the outskirts of farm worker towns
with whole families sleeping inside.
    The current H2-A program, however, still contains a
requirement that growers provide housing to the contract laborers
they bring into the country.  And the barracks or trailers they
provide to workers are inspected -- in theory.  But in the fall of
2000, in negotiations over a possible expansion of the program,
agribusiness associations proposed scrapping this.
    "With a big expansion of the program, it's unlikely there
would be the resources to inspect housing.  But what they sought in
negotiations," Goldstein recounts, "was a change in H2-A, in which
they would no longer actually have to provide it.  Instead, they
could give workers a housing allowance, if the government certified
that there was no housing shortage."
    The barracks of Garcia's memory might be preferable to what
such an allowance could buy today, given that the housing supply is
more limited in farm worker communities (especially during harvest)
than in almost any urban area, and that the condition of that housing
ranks at the bottom.  In fact, grower insistence on eliminating the
requirement might even backfire, according to Goldstein.  "You can
imagine that a lot of people in rural communities would freak out if
growers simply dumped a contract workforce on the local housing
market, even right wing people," he speculates.
    But housing is only one element of living conditions.
Another is food.  Garcia remembers that the food in the camps was
often bad, and that one year, one of the workers in his crew died of
food poisoning.  "Something he ate at dinner in the camp wasn't any
good," he recalls, "but what could we do?  We were all worried.                       [Continue.....]

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